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Initially companies offer a lot of perks to their employees to attract the best talent.  Later, as they grow, the perks offered reduce.  This is especially true during a recession.

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Since even a laid off employee can be useful to the organisation at a future date, many organisation try to make the layoff as painless as possible by hiring the services of an outplacement firm.

This firm identifies suitable opportunities for laid off employees in other companies and arrange for the resume to be sent and interview arranged. Since the employee has few other options, they usually accept this offer happily.

The job opportunities available are usually inversely proportionate to your age after you complete your basic degree or other educational qualification. When  you have no experience, there may be a lot of competition, but once you have 2-3 years experience, the number of opportunities available increase considerably.

After you cross a particular age, the number of vacancies available again decreases, since few companies are able to afford the higher salaries. Also most companies have a pyramidical structure.

One of the main attractions of a government job is that it is considered permanent , once you are confirmed and you draw a salary for the rest of your life.

Though the salary and growth opportunities for this job are less and the work is often monotonous in nature, many people prefer these jobs due to the security they offer. In some countries, influence is needed or bribes have to be paid to get these jobs.

For most full time jobs,  the employee is expected to be present in office for eight hours or more.  Some times a business has work that can be completed only in a few hours.  In such cases , they may hire people to work on a part time basis.  Many of these part time helpers have other activities and are often students. They work after college or school hours , and the money they earn is used for their hobbies or education.  The experience they gain, helps them to get a full time job after they complete their education more easily.

Till last year, jobs in the financial sector were sought after.  Many students spent 4 years of their life studying to get an engineering degree and then proceeded to start a career in a totally unrelated field by doing an MBA .

Some one rightly pointed out, the closer you are to the money, the higher you are likely to be paid.  So investment bankers who handled millions of dollars (not too wisely as it turned out) often received bonuses of thousands of dollars just for manipulating numbers.

In some countries, companies who wish to reduce their operating costs will layoff employees as other overheads will reduce. The retained employees will be expected to work harder.

On the other hand,  in countries where associated overheads are lower, the employees will be given a choice - take a pay cut or leave. Many who prefer the stability of a job will take a pay cut.